differences between 2 axes and 1/2 and 3 axes

[bafio]

Good morning.
I press that I am not a "cammist" and I am not here to stretch out because I am interested in the matter; (I'm just curious).

in the cam forum I found more discussions talking about 2 axes and a half, 3 axes and even 5 axes milling machines.

Now I think the 3 axes are the classic x,y,z and the 5 axes are even more performing machines with the automatic tracking of the profile. but the two axes and a half what the hell are?

thanks in advance to the pious soul that takes away my pebble from the shoe. .

 

[Er Presidente]

type a discounter with the possibility to "lift" axis z.
you always work on two axes (x and y) and you only change the reference by changing the zero of the z axis, it's a trick, but it works.
:smile:

 

[vmirko]

I hope I don't say a cabbage,
to the limit someone who knows more about me will correct me.

more than machines you could talk about processing,
where with 2 axes and 1\2 is meant classical milling, pockets, planting etc.
the z axis comes at altitude and then you work with the x axis and y.

3-axis machining, perhaps even interpolated to make particular complex three-dimensional shapes
and then you can continue with the 4 axes and 5 axes and even more.

is definitely a broad but still very interesting speech given the variety of possible configurations.

 

[Fulvio Romano]

type a discounter with the possibility to "lift" axis z.
you always work on two axes (x and y) and you only change the reference by changing the zero of the z axis, it's a trick, but it works.
:smile:

quoto.
the number of axes is equivalent to the number of degrees of mobility of the machine, which in the vast majority of cases also coincides with the number of degrees of freedom.
then:

3 axes: you have x, y and z, but the spindle cannot spin around any axis (except the work one, of course)

2+1/2 axes: they are three axes, but the third axis is not interpolated with the other two, so it does not allow contemporary work on the three axes. This is why the third does not have the dignity of an entire axis, but only half. In practice, choose a quota, you can do any processing in the xy plan because the x and y axes are interpolated. if you want to make a workmanship in the xz or yz plan you can't do it, because the z axis is not interpolated either with x or with y.

5 axes: the machine has all the degrees of freedom in space (well, the sixth axis is not interpolated, but it is the working axis of the spindle, so it would not serve anything) so it can do any processing, including subsquadri processing.

 

[Fulvio Romano]

for information completeness, robots for example have six axes, because the last one is also interpolated. in fact for tasks of manipulation serve all six degrees of freedom in space.

some structures of robots, for example some planar manipulators, such as scares but with more arms, have many degrees of mobility without adding degrees of freedom. This is because more than three parallel axes do not add degrees of freedom, but can for example be used to slip into cramped spaces.
in these cases we talk about intrinsic redundancy... but this is another story

 

[bafio]

quoto.

if you want to make a workmanship in the xz or yz plan you can't do it, because the z axis is not interpolated either with x or with y.

The quoted phrase is the one that so far has made me clearer.
now, however, assuming to have a 3-axis milling machine, are the processing on xz or yz plans done with special cutters? not having a cam 3d underhand (we work on cutting therefore only 2d), I have the impression that such processing leave coarse traces if not carried out with "particular" equipment

 

[bulinorotto]

for two axes are the workings in which two axes move and the third is placed at a fixed quota (containing a quarry) in any case the paralelle machining on the plans g17 g18 g19

for three axes means a workmanship in which all three axes move (copying to 45 degrees)
Hi.